Localized analysis of Cloudburst dynamics over Indian Himalayan Region during 2022
by Krushna Chandra Gouda, P Samantray
In this research, the focus is on examining the occurrence of localized Cloudburst events in the Indian Himalayan region (IHR). Specifically, in the year 2022, a total of 66 cloudburst cases were observed in the region, indicating a rise in the severity of extreme rainfall events (ERE) in recent times. Due to limited information and awareness, the mountainous hazards often go unnoticed. As the topographical feature has wider variation and because of the regional divergence there is also a variability in the intensity, duration and frequency of the EREs. Therefore, it is crucial to study the dynamics of the atmosphere during these events in order to enhance the understanding of researchers and facilitate the simulation of highly intense localized events in the future. Longitude-wise box (1ox1o ) was classified over the IHR in this research for a systematic analysis of the ERE dynamics. Furthermore, our study emphasized the statistical observational analysis of atmospheric dynamics in relation to observed rainfall across various boxes during the occurrence of the Cloudburst events. The temporal analysis is carried out by considering the atmospheric studies for the period starting 2 days before the event at the region. The relationship between major physical and thermodynamical atmospheric parameters and rainfall in different boxes has been comprehended and analysed. Understanding the intricate relationships between the atmosphere and land surface is crucial for making accurate predictions about the future. By delving into these complex interactions, researchers can gain valuable insights that can help improve forecasting models and enhance our understanding of the Earth's systems.
Retrieval of precipitable water vapor from sun-sky radiometer (POM-01) at 940 nm absorption band: Calibration, measurement and validation
by Swagata Mukhopadhyay, Shantikumar S. Ningombam, Akihiro Uchiyama, Sonam Jorphel, Chiranjeevi G. Vivek, T.S. Shrungeshwara, Sreedevi P., Tsuneo Matsunaga, Som K. Sharma, Pawan Gupta, Dorje Angchuk, Sridevi Jade
Rapid Reversal of Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Intensity of EIA Crests During the Geomagnetic Storm of 23 April 2023: A Unique Observation From GOLD
by K. Shimna, R. K. Archana, C. Vineeth, Gang Lu, T. K. Pant and M. S. M. Vijayan
This study, using the peak electron density of Ionospheric F-region from the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk reports, for the first time, a unique phenomenon: the rapid reversal of the intensity of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests between the hemispheres during the main phase of 23 April 2023, geomagnetic storm. The Prompt Penetration Electric Field amplified the intensity of both EIA crests. However, the enhancement at the southern crest began to decay within an hour, while the northern crest began to strengthen. Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations indicate that trans-equatorial wind played a key role in these variations. Wavelet periodograms of ground-based Total Electron Content measurements confirmed the presence of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). Storm-induced winds and TIDs likely changed the altitude of the F-peaks and the recombination rates between crests, and plasma transport by trans-equatorial winds also contributed to this rare phenomenon.
Studying the dynamics of cloudburst events over Indian Himalayan region using model simulation
by Payoshni Samantray & Krushna Chandra Gouda
Cloudbursts are brief, intense rainfall occurrences that present significant risks to human life, infrastructure, and ecosystems, especially in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Despite their damaging characteristics, predicting these events remains challenging due to their localized nature, the influence of complex terrain, and a lack of high-resolution observational data. Therefore, enhancing the simulation and comprehension of such occurrences is crucial for improved forecasting and disaster readiness. This research introduces a high-resolution computational modeling technique utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to replicate cloudburst events in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) during the monsoon season of 2022. These extreme weather phenomena, marked by intense and localized rainfall, are hard to forecast because of the region's complex terrain and convective dynamics. In this study six representative cloudburst events from Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Jammu & Kashmir were simulated at a resolution of 3 km using six-hourly NCEP-FNL reanalysis data. The analysis concentrated on critical atmospheric mechanisms such as vorticity, convective instability (CAPE, CINE), moisture availability, and orographic lifting. The model outputs were validated against daily rainfall data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM), and the CPC MORPHing technique (CMORPH). The model demonstrated a strong correlation with IMD data (correlation coefficient of 0.84 and RMSE of 45.07 mm), although performance varied with satellite-based datasets. This study contributes to understanding the simulation of cloudburst events using high-resolution regional modeling and multiple observational validations.
Source: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-025-02680-w
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